Associate Professor Karin Borges
Associate Professor
School of Biomedical Sciences
+61 7 336 51893
+61 7 336 53113
Dr Karin Borges heads the epilepsy and brain metabolism lab.
At the age of 15 I thought that I would like to develop new treatments for diseases where there is a need. After studying Biology in Germany and while working as a post-doctoral fellow with Professor Raymond Dingledine at Emory University, I became passionate about epilepsy. When starting my own laboratory at Texas Tech University, I began to investigate impairments in energy metabolism in epilepsy and potential new treatments to address energetic deficiencies. In 2011, I moved to UQ and have since enjoyed the many opportunities working with many talented students and professionals and within the globally highly respected Australin epilepsy community. Among many other projects, my lab has characterized several metabolic alterations and impairments in energy metabolism in epilepsy (1, 2) and Motor Neuron Disease. In brain areas that can generate seizures, cytosolic and mitochondrial metabolism of glucose is impaired, which can lead to energy deficits and may trigger seizures. From a biochemical standpoint, auxiliary fuels such as ketone bodies and medium chain fatty acids derived from medium chain triglyceride (MCTs) are well suited to improve energy levels. We have also shown that different MCTs, including triheptanoin, when added to normal diets can prevent seizure generation in seizure models (reviewed here 1, 2) and prevent motor neuron death in an MND model.
It is very important for me to translate our lab’s research, where possible. Thus, we have run three clinical trials in Australia to test the feasibility of adding on a special MCT, triheptanoin, to a regular diet to treat medication-resistant epilepsy in children and adults (1, 2). Another clinical trial of add-on MCT is currently under way at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul in collaboration with Professor Hong (1, 2). Overall, the work of our lab has helped to elucidate mechanisms of actions of triheptanoin and MCTs and both treatments are increasingly being used in the treatment of various disorders.
In addition, it is my mission to provide a research environment in my lab that is friendly and collaborative, where all lab members and collaborators thrive and can do brilliant research in epilepsy and other diseases (view the lab's policies). I am looking forward to working with many others on our new projects.
PhD and MPhil Supervision
- View current and completed supervisions on UQ Researchers.
Find out more information on how to apply for a Research Higher Degree (MPhil or PhD) with the School. For all enquiries regarding research supervision, please contact ask@uq.edu.au.
Book Chapters
Borges, Karin (2022). Triheptanoin in epilepsy and beyond. Ketogenic diet and metabolic therapies: expanded roles in health and disease. (pp. 493-507) edited by Susan A. Masino. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Neal, Elliott S., Xu, Weizhi and Borges, Karin (2022). Dietary management of canine epilepsy. A practical guide to seizure disorders in dogs and cats. (pp. 299-310) edited by Luisa De Risio and Karen Munana. Palm Beach, FL, United States: Edra Publsihing.
Han, Felicity Y., McDonald, Tanya, Xu, Weizhi and Borges, Karin (2021). Alterations in mitochondrial glucose carbon metabolism in epilepsy and targeted metabolic treatments. Clinical bioenergetics: from pathophysiology to clinical translation. (pp. 653-677) edited by Sergej Ostojic. London, United Kingdom: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819621-2.00029-2
Borges, Karin (2017). Triheptanoin epilepsy and beyond. Ketogenic diet and metabolic therapies: expanded roles in health and disease. (pp. 336-346) edited by Susan A. Masino. New York NY, USA: Oxford University Press.
Ngo, Shyuan T., Steyn, Frederik J., McCombe, Pamela A. and Borges, Karin (2015). High Caloric diets for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Bioactive nutraceuticals and dietary supplements in neurological and brain disease: prevention and therapy. (pp. 355-361) edited by Ronald Ross Watson and Victor R. Preedy. London, United Kingdom: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-411462-3.00036-9
Tan, Kah Ni, McDonald, Tanya S. and Borges, Karin (2015). Metabolic dysfunctions in epilepsy and novel metabolic treatment approaches. Bioactive Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements in Neurological and Brain Disease: Prevention and Therapy. (pp. 461-470) edited by Ronald R Watson and Victor R Preedy. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-411462-3.00048-5
Journal Articles
Armstrong, Oliver J., Neal, Elliott S., Vidovic, Diana, Xu, Weizhi and Borges, Karin (2024). Transient anticonvulsant effects of time-restricted feeding in the 6-Hz mouse model. Epilepsy & Behavior, 151 109618, 109618. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109618
Rae, Caroline D., Baur, Joseph A., Borges, Karin, Dienel, Gerald, Díaz‐García, Carlos Manlio, Douglass, Starlette R., Drew, Kelly, Duarte, João M. N., Duran, Jordi, Kann, Oliver, Kristian, Tibor, Lee‐Liu, Dasfne, Lindquist, Britta E., McNay, Ewan C., Robinson, Michael B., Rothman, Douglas L., Rowlands, Benjamin D., Ryan, Timothy A., Scafidi, Joseph, Scafidi, Susanna, Shuttleworth, C. William, Swanson, Raymond A., Uruk, Gökhan, Vardjan, Nina, Zorec, Robert and McKenna, Mary C. (2024). Brain energy metabolism: A roadmap for future research. Journal of Neurochemistry. doi: 10.1111/jnc.16032
Neal, Elliott S., Xu, Weizhi and Borges, Karin (2023). Metabolic aspects of genetic ion channel epilepsies. Journal of Neurochemistry. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15938
Neal, Elliott, Kumar, Vinod, Borges, Karin and Cuffe, James S.M. (2023). Vitamin B12 deficiency induces glucose intolerance, delays peak insulin levels and promotes ketogenesis in female rats. The Journal of Endocrinology, 256 (2) e220158, 1-16. doi: 10.1530/joe-22-0158
Xu, Weizhi, Neal, Elliott S., Plan, Manuel and Borges, Karin (2022). Glyceryl triacetate feeding in mice increases plasma acetate levels but has no anticonvulsant effects in acute electrical seizure models. Epilepsy and Behavior, 137 (Part A) 108964, 108964. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108964
Dienel, Gerald A., Gillinder, Lisa, McGonigal, Aileen and Borges, Karin (2022). Potential new roles for glycogen in epilepsy. Epilepsia, 64 (1), 29-53. doi: 10.1111/epi.17412
Andersen, Jens V., Westi, Emil W., Neal, Elliott S., Aldana, Blanca I. and Borges, Karin (2022). β-hydroxybutyrate and medium-chain fatty acids are metabolized by different cell types in mouse cerebral cortex slices. Neurochemical Research, 48 (1), 1-8. doi: 10.1007/s11064-022-03726-6
Young Seo, Gi, Neal, Elliott S., Han, Felicity, Vidovic, Diana, Nooru‐Mohamed, Fathima, Dienel, Gerald A., Sullivan, Mitchell A. and Borges, Karin (2022). Brain glycogen content is increased in the acute and interictal chronic stages of the mouse pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Epilepsia Open, 7 (2), 361-367. doi: 10.1002/epi4.12599
Andersen, Jens V., Westi, Emil W., Jakobsen, Emil, Urruticoechea, Nerea, Borges, Karin and Aldana, Blanca I. (2021). Astrocyte metabolism of the medium-chain fatty acids octanoic acid and decanoic acid promotes GABA synthesis in neurons via elevated glutamine supply. Molecular Brain, 14 (1) 132, 1-13. doi: 10.1186/s13041-021-00842-2
Xu, Weizhi, Maqbool, Faheem, Kumar, Vinod, Falconer, James R., Cui, Cedric S., Woodruff, Trent M., Borges, Karin, Whittaker, Andrew K., Smith, Maree T. and Han, Felicity Y. (2021). Sustained-release ketamine-loaded lipid-particulate system: in vivo assessment in mice. Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 12 (10), 2518-2526. doi: 10.1007/s13346-021-01093-3
McDonald, Tanya S., Neal, Elliott S. and Borges, Karin (2021). Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is anticonvulsant and improves oxidative glucose metabolism within the hippocampus and liver in the chronic pilocarpine mouse epilepsy model. Epilepsy and Behavior, 122 108223, 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108223
Han, Felicity Y., Conboy‐Schmidt, Lisa, Rybachuk, Galena, Volk, Holger A., Zanghi, Brian, Pan, Yuanlong and Borges, Karin (2021). Dietary medium chain triglycerides for management of epilepsy: new data from human, dog, and rodent studies. Epilepsia, 62 (8) epi.16972, 1790-1806. doi: 10.1111/epi.16972
Tefera, Tesfaye Wolde, Steyn, Frederik J., Ngo, Shyuan T. and Borges, Karin (2021). CNS glucose metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a therapeutic target?. Cell & Bioscience, 11 (1) 14, 14. doi: 10.1186/s13578-020-00511-2
Borges, Karin, Kaul, Neha, Germaine, Jack, Carrasco-Pozo, Catalina, Kwan, Patrick and O'Brien, Terence J. (2020). Open label long term treatment of add-on triheptanoin in adults with drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsia Open, 5 (2), 230-239. doi: 10.1002/epi4.12391
Soni, Neha, Vegh, Viktor, To, Xuan Vinh, Mohamed, Abdalla Z., Borges, Karin and Nasrallah, Fatima A. (2020). Combined diffusion tensor imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping discern discrete facets of white matter pathology post-injury in the rodent brain. Frontiers in Neurology, 11 153, 1-16. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00153
Benson, Melissa J., Lauková, Marcela, Borges, Karin, Velíšková, Jana and Velíšek, Libor (2020). Prenatal betamethasone exposure increases corticotropin-releasing hormone expression along with increased hippocampal slice excitability in the developing hippocampus. Epilepsy Research, 160 106276, 106276. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106276
Soni, Neha, Mohamed, Abdalla Z., Kurniawan, Nyoman D., Borges, Karin and Nasrallah, Fatima (2019). Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging unveils the spatiotemporal microstructural gray matter changes following injury in the rodent brain. Journal of Neurotrauma, 36 (8), 1306-1317. doi: 10.1089/neu.2018.5972
McDonald, Tanya, Hodson, Mark P., Bederman, Ilya, Puchowicz, Michelle and Borges, Karin (2019). Triheptanoin alters [U- 13 C 6 ]-glucose incorporation into glycolytic intermediates and increases TCA cycling by normalizing the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in a chronic epilepsy mouse model. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 40 (3), 271678X19837380-691. doi: 10.1177/0271678X19837380
Borges, Karin, Kaul, Neha, Germaine, Jack, Kwan, Patrick and O'Brien, Terence J. (2019). Randomized trial of add-on triheptanoin vs medium chain triglycerides in adults with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia Open, 4 (1), 153-163. doi: 10.1002/epi4.12308
Tefera, Tesfaye Wolde, Bartlett, Katherine, Tran, Shirley S., Hodson, Mark P. and Borges, Karin (2019). Impaired pentose phosphate pathway in the spinal cord of the hSOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Molecular Neurobiology, 56 (8), 5844-5855. doi: 10.1007/s12035-019-1485-6
Gorter, Jan A., van Vliet, Erwin A., Dedeurwaerdere, Stefanie, Buchanan, Gordon F., Friedman, Daniel, Borges, Karin, Grabenstatter, Heidi, Lukasiuk, Katarzyna, Scharfman, Helen E. and Nehlig, Astrid (2018). A companion to the preclinical common data elements for physiologic data in rodent epilepsy models. A report of the TASK3 Physiology Working Group of the ILAE/AES Joint Translational Task Force. Epilepsia Open, 3 (S1), 69-89. doi: 10.1002/epi4.12261
Durie, Dylan, McDonald, Tanya S. and Borges, Karin (2018). The effect of dichloroacetate in mouse models of epilepsy. Epilepsy Research, 145, 77-81. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.06.004
McDonald, Tanya, Puchowicz, Michelle and Borges, Karin (2018). Impairments in oxidative glucose metabolism in epilepsy and metabolic treatments thereof. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 12 274, 274. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00274
Calvert, Sophie, Barwick, Katie, Par, Melody, Ni Tan, Kah and Borges, Karin (2018). A pilot study of add-on oral triheptanoin treatment for children with medically refractory epilepsy. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 22 (6), 1074-1080. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.07.014
Tan, Kah Ni, Hood, Rebecca, Warren, Kirby, Pepperall, Debbie, Carrasco-Pozo, Catalina, Manzanero, Silvia, Borges, Karin and Spratt, Neil J. (2018). Heptanoate is neuroprotective in vitro but triheptanoin post-treatment did not protect against middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Neuroscience Letters, 683, 207-214. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.045
McDonald, Tanya S., Carrasco-Pozo, Catalina, Hodson, Mark P. and Borges, Karin (2018). Correction: Alterations in Cytosolic and Mitochondrial [U-13C]Glucose Metabolism in a Chronic Epilepsy Mouse Model (vol 4, e0341-16.2017, 2017). eNeuro, 5 (2). doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0154-18.2018
Iacobaş, Dumitru A., Chachua, Tamar, Iacobaş, Sanda, Benson, Melissa J., Borges, Karin, Velíšková, Jana and Velíšek, Libor (2018). ACTH and PMX53 recover synaptic transcriptome alterations in a rat model of infantile spasms. Scientific Reports, 8 (5722) 5722, 5722. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24013-x
Tefera, Tesfaye W. and Borges, Karin (2018). Neuronal glucose metabolism is impaired while astrocytic TCA cycling is unaffected at symptomatic stages in the hSOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 39 (9), 271678X18764775-1724. doi: 10.1177/0271678X18764775
Tan, Kah Ni, Simmons, David, Carrasco-Pozo, Catalina and Borges, Karin (2018). Triheptanoin protects against status epilepticus-induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration. Journal of Neurochemistry, 144 (4), 431-442. doi: 10.1111/jnc.14275
McDonald, Tanya S. and Borges, Karin (2017). Impaired hippocampal glucose metabolism during and after flurothyl-induced seizures in mice: Reduced phosphorylation coincides with reduced activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Epilepsia, 58 (7), 1172-1180. doi: 10.1111/epi.13796
Benson, Melissa J., Manzanero, Silvia and Borges, Karin (2017). The effects of C5aR1 on leukocyte infiltration following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Epilepsia, 58 (4), e54-e58. doi: 10.1111/epi.13698
Carrasco-Pozo, Catalina, Tan, Kah Ni, Gotteland, Martin and Borges, Karin (2017). Sulforaphane protects against high cholesterol-induced mitochondrial bioenergetics impairments, inflammation, and oxidative stress and preserves pancreatic β-cells function. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017 3839756, 3839756-14. doi: 10.1155/2017/3839756
McDonald, Tanya S., Carrasco-Pozo, Catalina, Hodson, Mark P. and Borges, Karin (2017). Alterations in cytosolic and mitochondrial [U-13C] glucose metabolism in a chronic epilepsy mouse model. eNeuro, 4 (1) e0341-16.2017, ENEURO.0341-16.2017. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0341-16.2017
Tefera, Tesfaye W. and Borges, Karin (2017). Metabolic dysfunctions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis and potential metabolic treatments. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 10 (JAN) 611, 461-473. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00611
Tefera, Tesfaye W. , Tan, Kah Ni, McDonald, Tanya S. and Borges, Karin (2016). Alternative fuels in epilepsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurochemical Research, 42 (6), 1-11. doi: 10.1007/s11064-016-2106-7
Carrasco-Pozo, Catalina, Tan, Kah Ni, Reyes-Farias, Marjorie, De La Jara, Nicole, Ngo, Shyuan Thieu, Garcia-Diaz, Diego Fernando, Llanos, Paola, Cires, Maria Jose and Borges, Karin (2016). The deleterious effect of cholesterol and protection by quercetin on mitochondrial bioenergetics of pancreatic β-cells, glycemic control and inflammation: in vitro and in vivo studies. Redox Biology, 9, 229-243. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.007
Tefera, Tesfaye W., Wong, Yide, Barkl-Luke, Mallory E., Ngo, Shyuan T., Thomas, Nicola K., McDonald, Tanya S. and Borges, Karin (2016). Triheptanoin protects motor neurons and delays the onset of motor symptoms in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Plos One, 11 (8) e0161816, e0161816. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161816
Tan, Kah Ni, Carrasco-Pozo, Catalina, McDonald, Tanya S., Puchowicz, Michelle and Borges, Karin (2016). Tridecanoin is anticonvulsant, antioxidant, and improves mitochondrial function. Journal Of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 37 (6), 2035-2048. doi: 10.1177/0271678X16659498
Carrasco-Pozo, Catalina, Tan, Kah Ni and Borges, Karin (2015). Sulforaphane is anticonvulsant and improves mitochondrial function. Journal of Neurochemistry, 135 (5), 932-942. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13361
Hadera, Mussie Ghezu, McDonald, Tanya, Smeland, Olav B., Meisingset, Tore W., Eloqayli, Haytham, Jaradat, Saied, Borges, Karin and Sonnewald, Ursula (2015). Modification of Astrocyte Metabolism as an Approach to the Treatment of Epilepsy: Triheptanoin and Acetyl-l-Carnitine. Neurochemical Research, 41 (1-2), 86-95. doi: 10.1007/s11064-015-1728-5
Benson, Melissa J., Manzanero, Silvia and Borges, Karin (2015). Complex alterations in microglial M1/M2 markers during the development of epilepsy in two mouse models. Epilepsia, 56 (6), 895-905. doi: 10.1111/epi.12960
Benson, Melissa J, Thomas, Nicola K, Talwar, Sahil, Hodson, Mark P, Lynch, Joseph W, Woodruff, Trent M and Borges, Karin (2015). A novel anticonvulsant mechanism via inhibition of complement receptor C5ar1 in murine epilepsy models. Neurobiology of Disease, 76, 87-97. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.02.004
Hadera, Mussie G., Smeland, Olav B., McDonald, Tanya S., Tan, Kah Ni, Sonnewald, Ursula and Borges, Karin (2014). Triheptanoin partially restores levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in the mouse pilocarpine model of epileps. Journal of Neurochemistry, 129 (1), 107-119. doi: 10.1111/jnc.12610
McDonald, Tanya S., Tan, Kah Ni, Hodson, Mark P. and Borges, Karin (2014). Alterations of hippocampal glucose metabolism by even versus uneven medium chain triglycerides. Journal Of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 34 (1), 153-160. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.184
Borges, Karin (2013). Slc10A4-what do we know about the function of this "secret ligand carrier" protein?. Experimental Neurology, 248, 258-261. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.06.019
Shaikh, Mohd Farooq, Tan, Kah Ni and Borges, Karin (2013). Anticonvulsant screening of luteolin in four mouse seizure models. Neuroscience Letters, 550, 195-199. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.065
Smeland, Olav B., Hadera, Mussie G., McDonald, Tanya S., Sonnewald, Ursula and Borges, Karin (2013). Brain mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction and glutamate level reduction in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy in mice. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 33 (7), 1090-1097. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.54
Kim, Tae Hwan, Borges, Karin, Petrou, Steven and Reid, Christopher A. (2013). Triheptanoin reduces seizure susceptibility in a syndrome-specific mouse model of generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy Research, 103 (1), 101-105. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.09.016
Borges, Karin and Sonnewald, Ursula (2012). Triheptanoin - a medium chain triglyceride with odd chain fatty acids: a new anaplerotic anticonvulsant treatment?. Epilepsy Research, 100 (3), 239-244. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.05.023
Smeland, Olav B., Meisingset, Tore W., Borges, Karin and Sonnewald, Ursula (2012). Chronic acetyl-L-carnitine alters brain energy metabolism and increases noradrenaline and serotonin content in healthy mice. Neurochemistry International, 61 (1), 100-107. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.008
Nicola, Thomas K., Willis, Sarah, Sweetman, Lawrence and Borges, Karin (2012). Triheptanoin in acute mouse seizure models. Epilepsy Research, 99 (3), 312-317. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.12.013
Dutton, Stacey B. B., Sawyer, Nikki T., Kalume, Franck, Jumbo-Lucioni, Patricia, Borges, Karin, Catterall, William A. and Escayg, Andrew (2011). Protective effect of the ketogenic diet in Scn1a mutant mice. Epilepsia, 52 (11), 2050-2056. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03211.x
Samala, Ramakrishna, Klein, Jochen and Borges, Karin (2011). The ketogenic diet changes metabolite levels in hippocampal extracellular fluid. Neurochemistry International, 58 (1), 5-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.10.011
Willis, Sarah, Stoll, James, Sweetman, Lawrence and Borges, Karin (2010). Anticonvulsant effects of a triheptanoin diet in two mouse chronic seizure models. Neurobiology of Disease, 40 (3), 565-572. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.07.017
Greene, James G., Borges, Karin and Dingledine, Raymond (2009). Quantitative transcriptional neuroanatomy of the rat hippocampus: Evidence for wide-ranging, pathway-specific heterogeneity among three principal cell layers. Hippocampus, 19 (3), 253-264. doi: 10.1002/hipo.20502
Willis, Sarah, Samala, Ramakrishna, Rosenberger, Thad A. and Borges, Karin (2009). Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids are not anticonvulsant or neuroprotective in acute mouse seizure models. Epilepsia, 50 (1), 138-142. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01722.x
Borges, Karin (2008). Mouse models: The ketogenic diet and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Epilepsia, 49 (s8), 64-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01838.x
Borges, Karin, Gearing, Marla, Rittling, Susan, Sorensen, Esben S., Kotloski, Robert, Denhardt, David T. and Dingledine, Raymond (2008). Characterisation of osteopontin expression and function after status epilepticus. Epilepsia, 49 (10), 1675-1685. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01613.x
Samala, Ramakrishna, Willis, Sarah and Borges, Karin (2008). Anticonvulsant profile of a balanced ketogenic diet in acute mouse seizure models. Epilepsy Research, 81 (2-3), 119-127. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2008.05.001
Lockman, Paul R., Gaasch, Julie A., Borges, Karin, Ehlo, Alan and Smith, Quentin R. (2008). Using WebCt to implement a basic science competency education course. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 72 (2), Article 39. doi: 10.5688/aj720239
Borges, Karin, Shaw, Renee and Dingledine, Raymond (2007). Gene expression changes after seizure preconditioning in the three major hippocampal cell layers. Neurobiology of Disease, 26 (1), 66-77. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.12.001
Li, Zhuzhu, Li, Qingxiu, Simon, Sindee, Guven, Necip, Borges, Karin and Youan, Bi-Botti C. (2007). Formulation of spray-dried phenytoin loaded poly(epsilon-caprolactone) microcarrier intended for brain delivery to treat epilepsy. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 96 (5), 1018-1030. doi: 10.1002/jps.20935
Borges, Karin, McDermott, Dayna, Irier, Hasan, Smith, Yoland and Dingledine, Raymond (2006). Degeneration and proliferation of astrocytes in the mouse dentate gyrus after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Experimental Neurology, 201 (2), 416-427. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.04.031
Borges, Karin, McDermott, Dayna L. and Dingledine, Raymond (2004). Reciprocal changes of CD44 and GAP-43 expression in the dentate gyrus inner molecular layer after status epilepticus. Experimental Neurology, 188 (1), 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.03.019
Borges, Karin, Myers, Scott J, Zhang, Sunan and Dingledine, Raymond (2003). Activity of the rat GluR4 promoter in transfected cortical neurons and glia. Journal of Neurochemistry, 86 (5), 1162-1173. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01926.x
Borges, Karin, Gearing, Marla, McDermott, Dayna L., Smith, Amy B., Almonte, Antoine G., Wainer, Bruce H. and Dingledine, Raymond (2003). Neuronal and glial pathological changes during epileptogenesis in the mouse pilocarpine model. Experimental Neurology, 182 (1), 21-34. doi: 10.1016/S0014-4886(03)00086-4
Borges, K and Dingledine, R (2001). Functional Organization of the GluR1 Glutamate Receptor Promoter. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276 (28), 25929-25938. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M009105200
Dingledine, R, Borges, K, Bowie, D and Traynelis, SF (1999). The glutamate receptor ion channels. Pharmacological Reviews, 51 (1), 7-61.
Myers, SJ, Dingledine, R and Borges, K (1999). Genetic regulation of glutamate receptor ion channels. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 39 (1), 221-241. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.221
Borges, K and Dingledine, R (1998). AMPA receptors: Molecular and functional diversity. Glutamate Synapse as a Therapeutical Target: Molecular Organization and Pathology of the Glutamate Synapse, 116, 153-170. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)60436-7
Borges, K and Kettenmann, H (1995). Blockade of K+ Channels Induced by Ampa Kainate Receptor Activation in Mouse Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Is Mediated by Na+ Entry. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 42 (4), 579-593. doi: 10.1002/jnr.490420416
Borges, K, Wolswijk, G, Ohlemeyer, C and Kettenmann, H (1995). Adult-Rat Optic-Nerve Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Express a Distinct Repertoire of Voltage-Gated and Ligand-Gated Ion Channels. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 40 (5), 591-605. doi: 10.1002/jnr.490400504
Borges, K, Ohlemeyer, C, Trotter, J and Kettenmann, H (1994). Ampa Kainate Receptor Activation in Murine Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Leads to Activation of a Cation Conductance, Calcium Influx and Blockade of Delayed Rectifying K+ Channels. Neuroscience, 63 (1), 135-149. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90012-4
Conference Papers
Tefera, T. and Borges, K. (2017). Cortical neuronal glucose metabolism is impaired at mid stage in the hSOD1(G93A) mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ISN-ESN Meeting, Paris, France, 20-24 August 2017. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell .
Tan, K. N., Carrasco-Pozo, C. and Borges, K. (2017). Anaplerotic triheptanoin preserves mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative stress in pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. 28th International Symposium on Cerebral Blood Flow, Metabolism and Function / 13th International Conference on Quantification of Brain Function with PET, Berlin, Germany, 1-4 April 2017. London, United Kingdom: Sage Publications.
Borges, K., Tan, K. N. and Carrasco, C. (2015). Tricaprin - a new anticonvulsant with multiple mechanisms of actions. 25th Biennial Meeting of the International Society for Neurochemistry Jointly with the 13th Meeting of the Asian Pacific Society for Neurochemistry in Conjunction with the 35th Meeting of the Australasian Neuroscience Society, Cairns, QLD Australia, 23-27 August 2015. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13188
McDonald, Tanya, Hodson, Mark and Borges, Karin (2014). Triheptanoin alters anaplerosis and glutamate production in the chronic pilocarpine model of epilepsy. EB2014: Experimental Biology 2014, San Diago, CA United States, 26-30 April, 2014. Bethesda, MD United States: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.
Smeland, O. B., Hadera, M. G., McDonald, T., Sonnewald, U. and Borges, K. (2013). Mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction and glutamate reduction in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy in mice. 24th Biennial Meeting of the International Society for Neurochemistry and the American Society for Neurochemistry, Cancun Mexico, 20-24 Apr 2013. United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. doi: 10.1111/jnc.12186
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